Landscape Ecological Evaluation of Cultural Patterns for the Istanbul Urban Landscape

With the widespread population growth in cities, anthropogenic influences inevitably lead to natural disturbances. The metropolitan area of Istanbul, with its rapid urbanization rate, has faced intense pressure regarding sustainability urban habitats. In this context, landscapes comprising patches affected by various disturbances and undergoing temporal changes must be analyzed, order assess city-related study, main objective was understand how changed function spatial distribution mosaic and, more specifically, relationship size, shape, connection among land-use classes. For purpose, we took Besiktas, a district as study area. We evaluated landscape pattern environment two stages. First, used medium-resolution satellite imagery reveal general interactions process. Landscape- class-level metrics were selected quantify connectivity, distances between classes (green areas artificial surfaces), patterns, processes, using five images representing time span 51 years (1963, 1984, 1997, 2005, 2014). structure examined looking at temporal–spatial processes surface green obtained from these images. trends landscape-level specified discussed through use moving window analysis. then Pleiades high-resolution (2015) analyze detail. This base image allows us recognize possibility classifying basic cultural findings arrangement each class allocated 14 interpreted associating them functions. Finally, particulate matter (PM10) concentration data collected an ecological indicator, relationships function. short, first whole data, followed classification imagery, providing time-effective—and, therefore, essential—auxiliary method for evaluation. two-stage evaluation enables inferences made that can shed light on functions based structure.